4.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include liquidity assertions, the valuation of intellectual property and fixed assets held for sale, the incremental borrowing rate utilized in the finance and operating lease calculations, legal and contractual contingencies and share-based compensation. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could differ from these estimates.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances net of allowances for uncollectible accounts. The Company provides for allowances for uncollectible receivables based on its estimate of uncollectible amounts considering age, collection history, and other factors considered appropriate. Management’s policy is to write off accounts receivable against the allowance for doubtful accounts when a balance is determined to be uncollectible. At March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, the Company determined that an allowance for doubtful accounts was not needed. The Company had accounts receivable of $1 million at June 30, 2022.

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for its revenue recognition under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. A contract with a customer exists only when: (i) the parties to the contract have approved it and are committed to perform their respective obligations, (ii) the Company can identify each party’s rights regarding the distinct goods or services to be transferred (“performance obligations”), (iii) the Company can determine the transaction price for the goods or services to be transferred, (iv) the contract has commercial substance and (v) it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies its performance obligations by transferring control of a promised good or service to the customer. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts.

The Company analyzes its contracts to determine whether the elements can be separately identifiable and accounted for individually or as a bundle of goods or services. Allocation of revenue to individual elements that qualify for performance obligations is based on the separate selling prices determined for each component, and total contract consideration is then allocated pro rata across the components of the arrangement. If separate selling prices are not available, the Company will use its best estimate of such selling prices, consistent with the overall pricing strategy and after consideration of relevant market factors.

If a loss on a contract is anticipated, such loss is recognized in its entirety when the loss becomes evident. When the current estimates of the amount of consideration that is expected to be received in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to the customer indicates a loss will be incurred, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is made. At March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, the Company had no contract loss provisions.

The Company generates (or may generate in the future) contract revenue under the following types of contracts:

Fixed-Fee

Under a fixed-fee contract, the Company charges a fixed agreed upon amount for a deliverable. Fixed-fee contracts have fixed deliverables upon completion of the project. Typically, the Company recognizes revenue for fixed-fee contracts after projects are completed, delivery is made and title transfers to the customer, and collection is reasonably assured.

Revenue can be recognized either 1) over time or 2) at a point in time.  Revenue reported in discontinued operation was recognized at a point in time for all periods presented.

Collaborations/Partnerships

The Company may enter into research and discovery collaborations with third parties that involve a joint operating activity, typically a research and/or development effort, where both parties are active participants in the activity and are exposed to the significant risks and rewards of the activity. The Company’s rights and obligations under its collaboration agreements vary and typically include milestone payments, contingent upon the occurrence of certain future events linked to the success of the asset in development, as well as expense reimbursements from or payments to the collaboration partner.  

The Company considers the nature and contractual terms of agreements and assesses whether an agreement involves a joint operating activity pursuant to which the Company is an active participant and is exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of the activity as described under ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”). For arrangements determined to be within the scope of ASC 808 where a collaborative partner is not a customer for certain research and development activities, the Company accounts for payments received for the reimbursement of research and development costs as a contra-expense in the period such expenses are incurred. If payments from the collaborative partner to the Company represent consideration from a customer in exchange for distinct goods and services provided, then the Company accounts for those payments within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).

Collaborative revenues generated typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront license fees, development and commercial milestones, and partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the amount of $50,000 was recognized from a non-refundable upfront license fee. No revenue was recognized for all other periods presented.

Contract Assets

A contract asset is an entity’s right to payment for goods and services already transferred to a customer if that right to payment is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Generally, an entity will recognize a contract asset when it has fulfilled a contract obligation but must perform other obligations before being entitled to payment.

Contract assets consist primarily of the cost of project contract work performed by third parties for which the Company expects to recognize any related revenue at a later date, upon satisfaction of the contract obligations. At March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, contract assets were $0.

Contract Liabilities

A contract liability is an entity’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer at the earlier of (1) when the customer prepays consideration or (2) the time that the customer’s consideration is due for goods and services the entity will yet provide. Generally, an entity will recognize a contract liability when it receives a prepayment.

Contract liabilities consist primarily of consideration received, usually in the form of payment, on project work to be performed whereby the Company expects to recognize any related revenue at a later date, upon satisfaction of the contract obligations. At  March 31, 2024, June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 contract liabilities were $175,000, $0 and $100,000, respectively. The Company recognized revenue of $53,000 and $100,000 during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023, respectively, that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of June 30, 2022 and was reported in discontinued operations.

Leases

The Company accounts for leases under the guidance of ASC 842, Leases ("ASC 842"). The standard established a right-of-use (“ROU”) model requiring a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months and classified as either an operating or finance lease. The adoption of ASC 842 had a significant effect on the Company’s balance sheet, resulting in an increase in noncurrent assets and both current and noncurrent liabilities.

In accordance with ASC 842, at the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present and the classification of the lease including whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, whether the Company obtains the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset, and whether the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. Leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as ROU assets, lease liabilities and, if applicable, long-term lease liabilities. The Company has elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of one year or less under practical expedient in paragraph ASC 842-20-25-2. For contracts with lease and non-lease components, the Company has elected not to allocate the contract consideration and to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

The lease liabilities and the corresponding ROU assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected remaining lease term. The implicit rate within the Company’s existing finance (capital) lease was determinable and, therefore, used at the adoption date of ASC 842 to determine the present value of lease payments under the finance lease. The implicit rate within the Company’s operating lease was not determinable and, therefore, the Company used the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The determination of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate requires judgment. The Company will determine the incremental borrowing rate for each new lease using its estimated borrowing rate.

An option to extend the lease is considered in connection with determining the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise that option. An option to terminate is considered unless it is reasonably certain the Company will not exercise the option.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023 consisted of money market accounts. Restricted cash includes $0.9 million held within a Company account at Woodforest Bank for the term note payable (see Note 13 – Debt), collateral for a letter of credit obtained related to the San Diego operating lease (see Note 15 – Operating Lease Obligations) and collateral for a Company purchasing card. The Company’s bank required an additional 5% collateral held above the actual letters of credit issued for the San Diego lease and Company purchasing card. Restricted cash was approximately $1.1 million and $3.3 million at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively.

The following table summarizes the components of total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

​

The collateral held for the letters of credit for the San Diego lease and the Company purchasing card are classified as long-term on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023.

Investments in Debt Securities

Debt investments were classified as available-for-sale. Changes in fair value were recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Fair value was calculated based on publicly available market information. Discounts and/or premiums paid when the debt securities were acquired are amortized to interest income over the terms of the debt securities. The Company held no investments in debt securities at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on the first-in, first-out basis. The Company held no inventory at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023.

​

Research and Development

The Company accounts for research and development costs in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 730-10, Research and Development (“ASC 730-10”). Under ASC 730-10, all research and development costs must be charged to expense as incurred. Accordingly, internal research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Third-party research and development costs are expensed when the contracted work has been performed or as milestone results have been achieved. Research and development expense was reported in continuing operations for the three and nine months ended March 31. 2024. No research and development expense was reported in discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024. Research and development expense was reported in both continuing operations and discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023.  

Right-of-Use Assets

Assets held under the terms of finance (capital) leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases or the economic lives of the assets. Obligations for future lease payments under finance (capital) leases are shown within liabilities and are analyzed between amounts falling due within and after one year. See Note 9 – Finance Lease ROU Assets and Note 14 – Finance Lease Obligations for additional information.

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from three to 10 years.

The Company monitors fixed assets for impairment indicators throughout the year. When necessary, charges for impairments of long-lived assets are recorded for the amount by which the fair value is less than the carrying value of these assets. Changes in the Company’s business strategy or adverse changes in market conditions could impact impairment analyses and require the recognition of an impairment charge. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could differ from these estimates.

See Note 11 – Fixed Assets for additional information.

Intangible Assets

Identifiable intangible assets are comprised of definite life intangible assets and indefinite life intangible assets.

The Company accounts for definite life intangible assets at either their historical cost or allocated purchase price at asset acquisition and records amortization utilizing the straight-line method based upon their estimated useful lives. Intellectual property is amortized over 20 years. The Company reviews the carrying value of its definite life intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. The carrying value is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds it fair value.

For indefinite life intangible assets, the Company performs an impairment test annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company determines the fair value of the asset annually or when triggering events are present, based on discounted cash flows and records an impairment loss if book value exceeds fair value.

Evaluating for impairment requires judgment, including the estimation of future cash flows, future growth rates and profitability and the expected life over which cash flows will occur. Changes in the Company’s business strategy or adverse changes in market conditions could impact impairment analyses and require the recognition of an impairment charge. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could differ from these estimates.

See Note 12 – Intangible Assets for additional information.

Share-based Compensation

The Company recognizes the cost of all share-based payment transactions at fair value. Compensation cost, measured by the fair value of the equity instruments issued, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is recognized in the financial statements as the respective awards are earned over the performance or service period. The Company uses historical data to estimate forfeiture rates.

The impact that share-based payment awards will have on the Company’s results of operations is a function of the number of shares awarded, the trading price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant or modification, the vesting schedule and forfeitures. Furthermore, the application of the Black-Scholes option pricing model employs weighted-average assumptions for expected volatility of the Company’s stock, expected term until exercise of the options, the risk-free interest rate, and dividends, if any, to determine fair value.

Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Common Stock; the expected term until exercise represents the weighted-average period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules and the Company’s historical exercise patterns; and the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the option. The Company has not paid any dividends since its inception and does not anticipate paying any dividends for the foreseeable future, so the dividend yield is assumed to be zero. In addition, the Company estimates forfeitures at each reporting period, rather than electing to record the impact of such forfeitures as they occur. See Note 18 – Share-Based Compensation for additional information.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Cash

The Company maintains principally all cash balances in two financial institutions which, at times, may exceed the insured amounts. The exposure to the Company is solely dependent upon daily balances and the strength of the financial institutions. The Company has not incurred any losses on these accounts. At March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, amounts in excess of insured limits were approximately $5.9 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

Revenue

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company reported no revenue from continuing operations and discontinued operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company reported no revenue from continuing operations and generated 100% of its revenue reported in discontinued operations from two customers.

​

During the nine months ended March 31, 2024, the Company reported license revenue from one research collaborator in continuing operations and no revenue in discontinued operations. During the nine months ended March 31, 2023, the Company reported no revenue from continuing operations and generated 100% of its revenue reported in discontinued operations from two customers.

​

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

​

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires an entity to assess impairment of its financial instruments based on its estimate of expected credit losses. Since the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB released several amendments to improve and clarify the implementation guidance. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, which amended the effective date of the various topics. As the Company is a smaller reporting company, the provisions of ASU 2016-13 and the related amendments are effective for Fiscal years, and interim periods within those Fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022 (quarter ending September 30, 2023, for the Company). Entities are required to apply these changes through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not impact the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standard if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Most of the newer standards issued represent technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries which have no effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.