12.   Intangible Assets

The Company has two categories of intangible assets – intellectual property and patents. Intellectual property consists of all technology, know-how, data, and protocols for producing targeted proteins in plants and related to any products and product formulations for pharmaceutical uses and for other applications. Intellectual property includes, but is not limited to, certain technology for the development and manufacture of novel vaccines and therapeutics for humans and certain veterinary applications acquired in December 2003 from Fraunhofer USA Inc., acting through its Center for Molecular Biotechnology (“Fraunhofer”), pursuant to a Technology Transfer Agreement, as amended (the “TTA”). The Company designates such technology further developed and acquired from Fraunhofer as iBioLaunch^TM or LicKM^TM or FastPharming Technology. The value on the Company’s books attributed to patents owned or controlled by the Company is based only on payments for services and fees related to the protection of the Company’s patent portfolio. The intellectual property also includes certain trademarks.

On August 23, 2021, the Company entered into a series of agreements with RubrYc described in more detail above (see Note 6 – Significant Transactions) whereby in exchange for a $7.5 million investment in RubrYc, the Company acquired a worldwide exclusive license to certain antibodies that RubrYc develops under what it calls its RTX-003 campaign, which are promising immuno-oncology antibodies that bind to the CD25 protein without interfering with the IL-2 signaling pathway thereby potentially depleting T-regulatory (Tregs) cells while enhancing T effector (Teffs) cells and encouraging the immune system to attack cancer cells. The Company accounted for this license as an indefinite-lived intangible asset until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts.  In addition, the Company also received preferred shares and an option for future collaboration licenses.

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On September 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with RubrYc described in more detail above (see Note 6 – Significant Transactions) pursuant to which it acquired substantially all of the assets of RubrYc.  The assets acquired include an AI drug discovery platform, all rights with no future milestone payments or royalty obligations, to IBIO-101, in addition to CCR8, EGFRvIII, MUC16, and one additional immuno-oncology candidate, plus a partnership-ready PD-1 agonist.

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In January 2014, the Company entered into a license agreement with the University of Pittsburgh whereby the Company acquired exclusive worldwide rights to certain issued and pending patents covering specific candidate products for the treatment of fibrosis (the "Licensed Technology") which license agreement was amended in August 2016 and again in December 2020 and February 2022. The license agreement provides for payment by the Company of a license issue fee, annual license maintenance fees, reimbursement of prior patent costs incurred by the university, payment of a milestone payment upon regulatory approval for sale of a first product, and annual royalties on product sales. In addition, the Company has agreed to meet certain diligence milestones related to product development benchmarks. As part of its commitment to the diligence milestones, the Company successfully commenced production of a plant-made peptide comprising the Licensed Technology before March 31, 2014. The next milestone – filing an Investigational New Drug Application with the FDA or foreign equivalent covering the Licensed Technology ("IND") – initially was required to be met by December 1, 2015, and on November 2, 2020, was extended to be required to be met by December 31, 2021 and on February 8, 2022, was further extended to December 31, 2023. In addition, the amounts of the annual license maintenance fee and payment upon completion of various regulatory milestones were amended. On February 14, 2023, the Company provided notification to the University of Pittsburgh terminating the license agreement. Accordingly, the Company recorded a full impairment of the related intangible asset associated with IBIO-100 in the amount of $25,000.

See Note 4 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information.

The following table reflects changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets (in thousands):

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Amortization expense was approximately $49,000 and $123,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amortization expense was approximately $116,000 and $211,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

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During the second quarter of Fiscal 2023, the Company re-evaluated its business strategy and reviewed its product portfolio. After such review, the Company identified intellectual property, patent and licenses that will no longer be utilized and therefore were fully impaired.  The Company recorded an impairment charge in general and administrative expenses of approximately $565,000 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 4 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 5 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurement for more information.